Apr 26, 2020.
Copyright Year 2017
Design of Electrical Transmission Lines: Structures and Foundations
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Book Description
This book covers structural and foundation systems used in high-voltage transmission lines, conductors, insulators, hardware and component assembly. In most developing countries, the term “transmission structures” usually means lattice steel towers. The term actually includes a vast range of structural systems and configurations of various materials such as wood, steel, concrete and composites. This book discusses those systems along with associated topics such as structure functions and configurations, load cases for design, analysis techniques, structure and foundation modeling, design deliverables and latest advances in the field. In the foundations section, theories related to direct embedment, drilled shaf ts, spread foundations and anchors are discussed in detail.
Featuring worked out design problems for students, the book is aimed at students, practicing engineers, researchers and academics. It contains beneficial information for those involved in the design and maintenance of transmission line structures and foundations. For those in academia, it will be an adequate text-book / design guide for graduate-level courses on the topic. Engineers and managers at utilities and electrical corporations will find the book a useful reference at work.
Table of Contents
1 Introduction
1.1 History of electrical transmission 1.2 Transmission structures 1.3 Current state of the art 1.4 Design processes 1.5 Scope of the book
2 General design criteria
2.1 Climate 2.2 Electrical design 2.3 Structural design of transmission lines 2.4 Structural analysis 2.5 Foundation design criteria 2.6 Constructability 2.7 Codes and standards for line design
3 Structural analysis and design
3.1 Structure materials 3.2 Structure families 3.3 Structure loads 3.4 Structural analysis 3.5 Structure design
4 Foundation design
4.1 Geotechnical data 4.2 Design philosophy 4.3 Foundation types 4.4 Design models 4.5 Computer programs
5 Design deliverables
5.1 Design reports 5.2 Engineering calculations 5.3 Plan and Profile drawings 5.4 Structure loading 5.5 Structure framing drawings 5.6 Assembly drawings 5.7 Foundation drawings 5.8 As-Built records
6 Advanced topics
6.1 Analysis 6.2 Materials 6.3 Extreme events 6.4 Emergency restoration plans 6.5 Foundation strength
Appendices
Author(s)Biography
Dr. Sriram Kalaga is currently a Senior Engineer in the Transmission Line Division of Ulteig Engineers. He holds bachelors, masters and doctoral degrees in Civil engineering with a specialization in Structural Engineering and Mechanics. He has published more than 35 research papers in various journals and conferences. His research background included finite element methods, buckling of beam-columns, nonlinearities, low-cost composites and reliability-based approaches. He has been involved in transmission line design in the USA for 16 years while his overall experience as a Civil Engineer spans over 36 years. As a consulting engineer, he developed various in-house design manuals and technical specifications related to transmission structures.
Siriam conducts regular seminars on transmission line design and also participates in teaching workshops on transmission structural design. He is currently a guest editor for an International Civil Engineering Journal and has advised graduate students on their theses. In addition to being a member of ASCE, AISC and ACI, he is currently serving on the ASCE-FRP Blue Ribbon Committee on composite transmission structures. He is a licensed professional engineer in several states in the USA. Transmission Tower Design software, free download. software![]() ![]()
Dr. Prasad Yenumula is currently a Principal Engineer from the Transmission Line Engineering System Standards of Duke Energy. He earned his bachelor’s, master’s and doctoral degrees in Civil engineering along with an MBA degree with a specialization in Global Management. With a post-doctoral fellowship in engineering, he published more than 50 research papers in various journals and conferences. He worked as a line design engineer, line standards engineer and lines asset manager in the US & Canada for over 20 years. Prasad was responsible for managing and leading a number of line projects and special assignments, along with developing various technical standards & specifications. He is a professor (adjunct) with Gonzaga University, Washington and contributes to the development and teaching of the on-line transmission & distribution engineering Master’s program, and teaches business students at the University of Phoenix. His training classes are in the areas of line design, standards and line design software.
Prasad is currently the Chair of line design task force of the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) and Vice-Chair of CEATI (Center for Energy Advancement through Technological Innovation) International’s TODEM interest group. Reviews
'I am encouraged that Sriram Kalaga and Prasad Yenumula have [...] taken their many combined years of experience and put them into a single location for the benefit of the rest of us. Design of Electrical Transmission Lines – Structures and Foundations will provide industry professionals a valuable resource from which to learn. The detailed overview and design instruction, along with references to applicable standards, will help younger industry professionals more quickly understand the basic design principles. I also believe readers will benefit from the many detailed sample problems, design tables, hardware information and line design illustrations. I trust that you will find value in spending time in this book. It will prove to be a valuable resource in your electric utility career!'
Transmission Tower Design Software
Marlon W. Vogt, Account Executive, Ulteig Engineers Inc., Cedar Rapids, Iowa, USA
'The authors of Design of Electrical Transmission Lines – Structures and Foundations have created a unique engineering book for utility engineers. The subject is presented from the viewpoint of civil engineers; however their presentation can greatly benefit anyone involved with engineering of transmission lines.'
James A. Robinson, Principal Engineer, Duke Energy Corporation, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA
Related TitlesRelated Subjects
(The Transmission Line Design Software and the Distribution Line Design Software) A FEW REFERENCES A previous version of this software running on SUN workstation has been widely used in France when PCs where not yet powerful, that is around 1990. This version has also been used abroad by SORELBE (Bénin) and EECI (Côte d_Ivoire). The PC adaptation of the software developed by GC Software is used for Distribution lines by users as different as Merz and McLellan (Newcastle-England), COMELEC (Togo), TRACTEBEL (Belgium, including a copy transferred to Palestinian Electricity). The Transmission lines module has been purchased by SOGREAH, GTMH, NORELEC and EPS for France, and for export by REA (Rural Egyptian Electric Authority, 3 copies purchased through EDF International), OVIT (Hungarian Electricity), JIRAMA (Madagascar Electricity), ENERCAL (New Caledonia, including the latest Tower Structure module). Some users have both Distribution and Transmission lines modules as NKANYESI Consulting (Durban, South Africa, working for ESKOM), EPS (Egypt) or TOPRANK (Malaysia). It is also currently (November 2000) being under test in countries as various as China, Turkey, Senegal and India. The main steps in using the Transmission Line Design Software and the Distribution Line Design Software are the update of basic information on available material and on technical options, the topographic information acquisition, the tower spotting (usually starting with automatic spotting, then tailoring its result), final verifications with detailed modifications, and results printing and plotting. BASIC DATA AND OPTIONS The accuracy of results given by the software will depend on the accuracy of data given to it. That is why their input is object of all cares in JOVE Transmission (Transmission Line Design Software) and JOVE Distribution (Distribution Line Design Software) :
- Password protection: this allows to leave any young trainee use the software without any fear that he could disturb something in the basic data and options (that would be impossible to detect afterward as long as it would not be a huge blunder). The WINDEV type files used are such that it is impossible to avoid this protection with an independent editor or spreadsheet.
- Consistency and likelihood controls are performed for each input (so quick that it is done without a user entering correct data even noticing it). - Numerous help button are available, especially each time a choice has to be done in a data list. Transmission Tower Design software, free download MacThis basic data is concerning the conductors (weight, diameter, elasticity, etc...), the insulator strings (length, breaking load, ...), the towers (hooking points position, length of possible feet extensions, allowable stress, prices, ..., grouped in families from smaller to higher and wider and from weak to stronger), and the climatic assumptions (grouped into tables, so as to have all extreme conditions in different seasons at line site). For users who want to compute stress for each bar inside the tower and down to the foundations, more details on towers' bars should be given. The basic options concerns the customers for which studies may be done (technical options, and possible different basic data library for each of them), the specific rules that have to be applied (any national rule can be implemented), the different items that should be present on plotter outputs (including character' size, line's thickness and colour, title blocks, ...), and the topographical codes that the user wants to use for describing the obstacles (with the drawing he defines and the associated required clearances for each kind of obstacle).TOPOGRAPHICAL DATA It may be collected through a lot of different ways. The Transmission Line Design Software and the Distribution Line Design Software can read data previously registered in a spreadsheet, or even raw data produced by surveyors' theodolite or GPS (Leica, Sokkia, Topcon, _). The file produced includes for each point its cumulative distance to datum, the possible deviation angle, point's code (that is information on possible obstacle), and other information that may include text. The necessary topographical data for the Transmission Line Design Software and the Distribution Line Design Software may also be entered directly in the software, were helps and prompt are available, especially for entering traditional surveyors' booklet data, for using the proper code for obstacle, for computing the angle of line axis with obstacles as roads or other lines, and for other information linked to topography (zone were supports are forbidden, change of ground clearance, change in support's installation price due to soil quality or transportation problems, etc...). The result is a topographic profile drawn on screen, where user may see the ground level (in green, or in red for forbidden areas), obstacles, side slopes, ground clearance limit (in blue), deviation points (where it is compulsory to place a support, marked by a yellow vertical line). Schematic map may also be displayed. Zoom are possible as well for profile than for map. THE LINE DESIGN For each new study, the user is first guided in starting basic choices, including selection of material that will be default prompted during the study: phase and earth wire conductors, insulator strings, supports (towers or poles: for each line section studied, 4 different support families may be defined for suspension, and 4 others for tension -or for possible rigid support in case of distribution line-). Then the supports may be placed on profile either one by one, or using one of the two automatic spotting facilities, possibly several times each using different starting options (minimum and maximum span, catenary parameter or initial tension). This automatic spotting is very powerful, as a few minutes are usually enough (depending on used computer's processor velocity) for placing up to 100 supports for a section. But as man will always remain much more clever than the machine, it will always be possible for engineer to improve and correct this spotting. Modification of support spotting is very easy, either on a table were all information concerning each tower are placed (this may even be positioning different insulator strings at left and at right of a tension tower, or adding counter-weights for limiting the insulator string swinging on suspension towers), or, for main values (position, foot extension, ...) with the mouse at screen (using the zooming possibilities for a better definition). RESULT EDITING Transmission Tower Design software, free download FreeHeight languages are already available for using the Transmission Line Design Software and the Distribution Line Design Software and editing its results: French, English, Hungarian, Italian, German, Turkish, Chinese and Arabic (for customers having the necessary font libraries available on their computer for those two last languages). Other languages should follow soon, depending on interested customers (Spanish, Portuguese, Croatian, Russian, Japanese, Hindi, ...??). Thus, any study done in any language may be printed in any other available language. All what have been described above as available for display at screen may be printed (for tables, at screen, on printer or in a file), or plotted (for drawings), using any printer or plotter known as available for windows. Drawing may also be placed on disk in DXF format, so as to be available for completion using specialised drawing software as AUTOCAD (© Autodesk), MICROSTATION (© Bentley). TRANSMISSION LINE DESIGN SOFTWARE / DISTRIBUTION LINE DESIGN SOFTWARE The main difference between 'transmission' and 'distribution' lines in JOVE software is that instead of transmission towers based on foundation blocks on which insulator strings are directly hooked, the distribution supports are poles driven in ground with at their top independent cross-arms where insulator strings are hooked. The transmission module allows to have up to 12 bundles each one having up to 6 phase conductors with 2 earth wire 'that may be different), while the distribution module is limited to only 6 phase conductors and 1 earth wire. Transmission Tower DesignNECESSARY HARWAREFor running the Transmission Line Design Software and/or the Distribution Line Design Software, it is necessary to have a PC with a Pentium or compatible or above processor (or multiprocessor), running under Windows 95, 98 or NT, with 32 Mb RAM memory, + 4 Mb memory on graphical card, with a monitor as large as possible (17' minimum, so as to see 1024 x 768 pixels), diskettes and/or CD-ROM driver, printer and plotter. The place occupied on hard disk by the software, the documentation and user's data (except drawing outputs) is less than 50 Mb. But an additional 50 Mb should be available on hard disk for temporary registration of drawing outputs, and another 100 Mb for Windows' virtual memory. The files used may be local or on network (basic data can be shared by several users), with a local hardware lock for each user, or a network one on server. Transmission Tower Design Software free. download fullComments are closed.
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